5 {: w& T+ u) e) B& q9 L3 \很久以来,牡蛎作为当地居民、游客和全球市场喜爱的食物,在沿海地区的经济中扮演着重要的角色。同时,大量牡蛎聚集生长所形成的生物性结构称为牡蛎礁,是一种重要的海岸带栖息地,能够带来多重生态效益。然而,过去的一百年里,在全球范围内,因过度捕捞、水体污染、海岸带开发和病害等原因,牡蛎礁栖息地,已退化消失了85%(Beck et al., 2011)。0 }8 n* X0 N% J" }( u
8 j8 P6 G6 j# g* A8 O9 K在有些地方,牡蛎礁能够起到防波堤的作用,作为天然屏障抵御海浪冲击和海平面上升带来的影响——尤其是在气候持续变化的情况下。© Jerod Foster " ]- l. m' C% W0 X
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; g6 _3 S3 m, Q6 b) ^0 a) r* F牡蛎通过滤食活动可以减少水体中的悬浮微粒和多余营养物,提高水体清澈度;除了净化水体外,牡蛎礁的三维结构不仅能够为众多的海洋生物提供栖身之所、增殖渔业资源;当飓风、台风等灾害袭来时,它还能够有效减轻海浪对于海岸带的冲击,减少岸线侵蚀。而牡蛎礁栖息地的保护和修复是个长期的系统性工程,需要充分调动各方力量,从政策、科研、资金和社会参与等方面积极行动。' d3 s" _7 O8 q+ A8 N
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' j* _4 B, |& A* v# q* k为扭转牡蛎礁的退化趋势,全球多个地区的海洋保护工作者、科研人员和多方社会力量开展了大量的修复研究与实践行动。大自然保护协会(TNC)作为其中一员,在牡蛎礁保护和修复领域进行了20多年的工作。目前,TNC正与合作伙伴在北美、欧洲及亚太地区(包括中国)修复牡蛎礁,恢复它所带来的生态、社会与经济效益。从小规模的修复研究与实践、到海湾河口的大规模修复规划与实施,都取得了良好的修复成效。目前,TNC在全球参与实施的牡蛎礁修复项目已有200多个。
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Consider The Oyster by Bill Rodney音频:00:0004:04% \- `; n2 e1 Z# u! f
《关心关心牡蛎吧》是为了赞美牡蛎守护海洋健康而作的歌曲,歌中唱到牡蛎在净化水体、形成栖息地和抵御风暴的厉害之处,并指出:“它们可不只是顿饭这么简单”。
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MUSIC AND LYRICS BY BILL RODNEY WITH YANIV BRENNER ON PIANO AND ORGAN : m3 |6 l* b; @; ~1 l
Verse 1:
7 {! ]# B$ N5 K5 |& ]0 w/ h8 ?3 XConsider the humble oyster living on the muddy bottom of the bay6 C5 N7 [5 o+ f" X l5 I. r
Why it’s just a rock that’s filled with snot, I heard somebody say
$ O+ Z( G4 ]9 [0 V L+ o7 FBut did you know that just one oyster can filter 50 gallons of water in one day?
1 \. c3 e) G* I9 s# f% aNow imagine 10 million oysters on a reef, whoa that blows my mind away
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Verse 2:
! m3 M2 q0 z: ^$ |, vWhen oysters filter water you know, they strain the small stuff out9 y3 E9 Q0 S0 a& v1 r5 ^
Nutritious, delicious phytoplankton baby, that’s what it's all about3 l% [0 d( X+ e& A; n: l
But of all the stuff they filter, only some is gonna make it to their mouth5 R( o- P4 F1 K3 g
The rest gets wrapped in a mucous ball and pseudo-spitted out
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Chorus:
" t3 [2 _9 t( |/ F& G: AOysters – they’re filtering machines0 r0 _$ j. l7 `) _
Oysters – they'll keep the water clean
6 d, g8 w$ f& `4 r& XOysters – they’re habitat producers
S* r) i2 O) q* D( k+ oOysters – wave energy reducers
0 S. ~9 n1 l/ f* i4 KOysters, oysters, oysters…they’re not just for breakfast anymore* V, D) f! f$ Z8 X
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Verse 3:
, P9 u3 d* C% _: s$ \; B+ VAnd another thing about oysters, they build these gnarly reefs
! a; M. r' A, L9 D3 uThat are home to crabs and shrimps and things, that Mr. Redfish likes to eat5 \# Q5 V) a" Q" v- o
Yeah that’s his destination when he's looking to obtain a tasty treat
' h! j9 w4 E$ z; b" f2 U7 b% E+ [And that stimulates production in the fishes, yeah I think that’s pretty neat
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Verse 4:
& K1 p# I! k6 h5 b ~' UWhen oysters build their gnarly reefs in skinny waters near the marshy shore6 H; |. p: S( ]- J* n+ g
This creates an opportunity for the oyster to contribute even more+ Y, K4 V) Q" k& X% I p& e
They attenuate wave energy when the winds blow hard and make the white caps roar) U& g7 v7 \; @9 K! p. ^
The rugose reefs reduce erosive forces, yeah baby that’s a score
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Chorus:0 p$ M3 y- e4 t2 a- X1 {* U
Oysters – they’re filtering machines# @ s% Q* G: D ~% [1 _) b. l
Oysters – help keep the water clean* z+ k8 a R: t1 }) u/ k
Oysters – they’re habitat producers7 C+ q @ P1 [! D" V" ^3 t
Oysters – wave energy reducers" n/ {0 A& ]1 X# b# l% S
Oysters, oysters, oysters…the best come from Texas, don’t’ mess with the rest cause, they’re not just for breakfast anymore# r4 \- X' C2 z; x5 t
牡蛎礁,这一种令人惊叹的栖息地,不仅在海岸带生态系统中发挥着不可或缺的支撑作用,同时也可以作为基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions,NbS),例如配合海堤等灰色基础设施构成生态岸线,抵御风暴灾害的同时也为社区居民亲近自然、了解海洋提供重要渠道。我们相信,未来在大家的共同努力下,牡蛎礁将重新生机勃勃!% f/ S% u/ @ q" J# C% j* S4 Z
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世界海洋日
0 f$ M) a! h0 T2 r7 K海洋覆盖了地球70%以上的面积。海洋是我们的生命之源,人类以及地球上其他所有生命都依赖于海洋。海洋产生了地球上至少50%的氧气,是地球上大多数生物多样性的家园,全球超过10亿人口摄入的蛋白质也主要来源于海洋。然而,我们的海洋正处于危机之中,受到海洋垃圾、过度捕捞、气候变化等因素的威胁。2022年世界海洋日的全球主题是“振兴海洋 集体行动”(Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean)。我们需要为子孙后代保护好美妙的海洋资源。5 z/ k. R5 \" E4 D2 u% |% N
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