正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲：
8 |# l' {. q& b) p 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide) u. f; P, M2 V+ V* X6 J0 V
2. Forecast (1 slide)： Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)
5 k' v, W* z N- a1 b9 N' `( x 3. Outline (1 slide)： Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)
3 B8 T$ C7 v- G, \) w 4. Background
$ N/ V/ q; ^2 V2 ^( ~ 4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides)：(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)
4 U; E7 ~8 P; M6 M7 ~5 a$ T* p 4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides)： Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.
( I- W3 y: t+ t5 \; S 4-3. Methods (1 slide)： Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.# b! f) m: G* j+ [' `
5. Results (4-6 slides)： Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)& [- |6 t, d/ ^2 `; j
6. Summary (1 slide)! a6 m$ [8 o. A3 o$ B, N3 P. l' i: x
7. Future Work (0-1 slides)：Optionally give problems this research opens up.
( {9 r5 u/ C$ T& D9 R' [5 B$ v 8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)
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" S$ f' p9 a K1 ~) X3 ?8 Z( l h简洁版： 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)* L. k5 H2 A: w* | o5 J2 @4 h( D
2. Motivation (1 slide)3 q* Z+ u, L6 p
3. Background (1 slide)
2 I6 g" s: i) M% M& N! W( P& b 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)8 B& q7 z6 P5 N1 g
5. Results (8 slides)- B% S7 B) R, p9 d8 ^
6. Conclusion (1 slide)+ G6 g8 `4 e* p) i O3 a! e
7. Future Work (1 slide)5 O( D3 q- Y) }
8. Acknowledgements (1slide) O: E! w H0 J& y+ h
9. Backup Slides
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+ H* l# y) @& N- K6 V* B! E v举个例子：3 @5 ]7 d8 e3 g" k
B/ u5 j0 [6 p+ X9 g. L% ]（1）原则
0 z& o/ t9 l! [1 p: L# K首先，引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话：
. n7 a' ~5 V/ L* m2 B% F; _As the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...
$ n5 X$ t" ?+ B P9 o... Never over-estimate your audience...! h$ ~/ N/ O$ |- U% J
是的，要讲一个“故事”，因为大家都喜欢听故事，无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂，化繁为简，林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂，就是成功”（据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言）。
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（2）结构
2 _, a( k, j; L; ^: e T我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲：, p/ P$ p0 Y0 t" @; H8 _0 Y7 g( O( R
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以“讲故事”为目标，修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了：- X; \+ _+ W- G8 N; M6 p9 }; n8 F* ~
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)- x3 I2 x, ]8 G/ @
2. Motivation (1 slide)) Q/ @# z6 f+ g5 _; l* K& T# L
3. Background (1 slide)
, ^6 Y' @ b# `, L5 @; r: Y5 U R 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)$ k) J5 J% a" `1 `7 m4 W1 J
5. Results (8 slides)
: B) d3 x5 x! k' `( Q 6. Conclusion (1 slide)
4 @) @6 L# r' S# V 7. Future Work (1 slide)
0 M- \; [7 g1 R) `6 F* ] 8. Acknowledgements (1slide)$ T9 c ~! `; I) r( M% D& W
9. Backup Slides$ ]* z( x3 i: U
. s$ h5 D; z* f! d5 |+ V3 M, J" k9 J几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括：
' t! S9 x) W8 h2 [a. 删除 Forcast & Outline，这是为了更快的进入“故事”；其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。7 `2 s& x2 C8 l$ ?+ _( l6 F
b. 缩减 Background，删减后的这个部分只有一张slide，只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。; c5 B/ b- D* [+ m) P
c. 增加 Hypothesis，这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction，与最后的Conclusion对应，介绍这个研究的科学问题。
# k- k9 ]5 _: ?, \1 K& c l2 h" qd. 加大 Results 的份额，这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了，我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的，因为要注意顺序问题，怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了，让大家都没有疑惑。9 e' Q4 t& M! }$ v2 ~
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（3）讲故事9 G% m% f" o ^. ^2 o6 E
也就是 Results 部分，也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是，因为时间限制，细节问题不需要讨论；这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。
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+ ~6 g; f- T& h; `7 v. K2 J（4）风格& c4 L7 v& C& e+ N! [; w/ h
我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间，后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。" D# E1 h" g' {
同样，制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题，有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议，在这里与大家分享一下：
5 v! i; I" }% K; M' O4 z0 ?$ }: Fa. 字体: Aria narrow.( @- d; n! A- U' h+ E
字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18
/ @! B& F" s* d8 Qb.深色底色加上浅色（比如白&黄色）的字7 t0 ]) i7 v% |; S) w& N, f8 Y
c. 不要过分展示别人的结果，专注于讲自己的故事。( x/ b) _0 Z4 n; X. z
0 b2 ~# I% `: x* a（5）画图
: ]7 s; s9 D& G+ E2 I y; @- s因为图片在报告的重要性，PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过，推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式，同时要注意分辨率，字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明： K: f$ h7 s$ K3 x: P
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0 @( X5 S( z' Q" q6 J$ k4 mRef：www.52ocean.cn# C) f; B! g3 B& ?/ B0 x
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