正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲:- t0 g$ J( y) ~) e; H! c( n7 X
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
' [( K x( y9 D: q8 b# Q/ Q+ i 2. Forecast (1 slide): Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)
" f) }: w. e3 N) I; P 3. Outline (1 slide): Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)
( d8 l) M. O9 @+ M" H K$ X0 O3 o 4. Background
% R% B) u# I" y4 F& |4 | 4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides):(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)
- l+ ^6 p. @$ \& S' y+ v6 m5 @1 U 4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides): Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.* r S/ \9 w3 ]4 {! w2 @0 X @; }
4-3. Methods (1 slide): Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.
& x5 N) r4 }8 f1 z- u+ Q) w 5. Results (4-6 slides): Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)
) b7 E, d9 O* y7 h 6. Summary (1 slide)1 o2 a2 D5 g- p/ u
7. Future Work (0-1 slides):Optionally give problems this research opens up.9 y9 l: B7 o- T' T
8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)/ V f8 ], v& _0 z! R
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简洁版: 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
7 f" E) o2 B+ H' O 2. Motivation (1 slide)
4 [! V2 \# W' W+ ^; x( }2 K0 I! k0 j 3. Background (1 slide), w7 |4 {9 W, i' M8 A0 |3 S1 y
4. Hypothesis (1 slide)/ d \, j( E' ^$ ^: N* X
5. Results (8 slides)3 X7 Z% k2 w" F# z% L# i# J
6. Conclusion (1 slide)
1 E- s! _: `- a" Q/ ~ 7. Future Work (1 slide)# A9 x. k8 P4 ^2 k+ [5 d8 b& u1 s j
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
L' i/ y3 K: [" [9 ]# h0 B 9. Backup Slides
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举个例子:
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(1)原则$ s7 {6 m8 {! K! q! H$ \6 a! M0 @
首先,引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话:/ C, G! ?3 t' B$ E% g6 _5 F
As the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...# G8 [, G; H; P" M
... Never over-estimate your audience...4 N1 S8 R- b& p3 Q
是的,要讲一个“故事”,因为大家都喜欢听故事,无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂,化繁为简,林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂,就是成功”(据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言)。
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(2)结构
; r$ p* |2 V& h, m: R/ v我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲: [) [" c: n0 d, b7 \9 f( N) S( C
http://www.joyocean.org/viewthread.php?tid=1789&extra=page%3D1
7 n& {% O8 u5 N' N4 R2 m1 U以“讲故事”为目标,修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了:
! y! G& M4 A: m# F 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)$ [; J, V. F6 m- L
2. Motivation (1 slide)
7 M2 m2 ^$ h; v! i# j% w' q( L y 3. Background (1 slide)
- t, j* m' c- V8 w 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
: H- J4 L, Z- C 5. Results (8 slides)4 x6 U* ?' h, Z, m4 p
6. Conclusion (1 slide)
$ o/ _. f) m( m 7. Future Work (1 slide)6 ^3 d+ t" _- j' Q) d
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
5 X0 Y/ E3 k; F, u7 u 9. Backup Slides
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几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括:
; L7 @2 R8 [1 ?$ x4 k, Ia. 删除 Forcast & Outline,这是为了更快的进入“故事”;其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。2 `8 ~$ q, ?+ Q D# @ h8 P- K
b. 缩减 Background,删减后的这个部分只有一张slide,只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。) J1 O+ ?- s# K+ b# r. n& m
c. 增加 Hypothesis,这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction,与最后的Conclusion对应,介绍这个研究的科学问题。
/ a1 h, }! t. T+ |0 cd. 加大 Results 的份额,这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了,我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的,因为要注意顺序问题,怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了,让大家都没有疑惑。7 @- t& J- L' n# l4 L
1 Z" g; {0 d. h0 S! o2 ^& ?(3)讲故事$ r! T. ?1 J# Z8 n) u
也就是 Results 部分,也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是,因为时间限制,细节问题不需要讨论;这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。
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(4)风格2 G! z& _2 [! ?3 r- S6 R
我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间,后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。/ s- X s0 }! `/ [6 _: _* ~) {
同样,制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题,有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议,在这里与大家分享一下:
8 g, D; t4 k& \a. 字体: Aria narrow.
( q! s1 @+ Q9 o0 {% T( p 字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 181 w. H4 n* A3 D3 ?) ?8 ?
b.深色底色加上浅色(比如白&黄色)的字
3 i0 S9 l+ M7 L2 ?c. 不要过分展示别人的结果,专注于讲自己的故事。; X1 E2 q7 F' X/ {& z
& X& g+ l5 G( o R(5)画图6 B6 a3 v1 y" n, A
因为图片在报告的重要性,PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过,推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式,同时要注意分辨率,字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明:2 w l4 V4 a3 T# L/ m. L# b
www.52ocean.cn" j" l' b5 ^; a9 V8 j
* q! ]8 Y& U+ IRef:www.52ocean.cn: H+ \1 |0 C# U$ a
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