正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲:
( l# w$ a, V. V4 c3 B3 ~& k% p 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)6 p) v9 A e; b! N. h/ d
2. Forecast (1 slide): Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)
3 r! s' l8 c9 K2 H# q, O% a 3. Outline (1 slide): Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)
2 M( t2 P1 U/ }" N 4. Background X( K. }- ~8 m4 P: X! E4 Q7 t
4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides):(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)
8 h) j1 \0 `- H 4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides): Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.) ]8 O9 B: C( H" c/ G _, H
4-3. Methods (1 slide): Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.! A* P* O$ D/ B; B" m* |3 Q
5. Results (4-6 slides): Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)3 t- G0 _- _4 X- O
6. Summary (1 slide)
! k, S% R, P! T0 N4 K 7. Future Work (0-1 slides):Optionally give problems this research opens up.$ L5 o8 E- X, o; H& k' Q; L- S( B
8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)
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简洁版: 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)6 {( m) \" S& K" P1 E7 B
2. Motivation (1 slide)* x G: C* E9 S. m
3. Background (1 slide)4 ~$ O9 q& r* m: B% J' Z3 {- s
4. Hypothesis (1 slide)$ M' a* L' n5 \
5. Results (8 slides)9 v2 s5 ?1 I c4 p
6. Conclusion (1 slide)
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8 g p, F/ r" {8 L& f$ U 8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
, X$ h6 U6 q% c 9. Backup Slides
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举个例子:
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- V9 i% Y2 \9 D& O. G: c' r+ l(1)原则
& N. q, m0 w1 y2 P首先,引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话:, N$ [. b. E$ U: z5 j+ C% J
As the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...
3 R, @2 m a& }% j g( n... Never over-estimate your audience...
, F& H* Q$ I" d" v+ D是的,要讲一个“故事”,因为大家都喜欢听故事,无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂,化繁为简,林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂,就是成功”(据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言)。
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我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲: Z$ |* O* |1 t6 ]* ~8 R: }& ?
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以“讲故事”为目标,修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了:
$ A1 D$ M; N* p. l# b5 D 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
z; Q/ J3 X+ D3 s8 I) } 2. Motivation (1 slide)
% D# D$ L/ Z: G4 r6 W$ D 3. Background (1 slide)
9 |2 ~9 j+ j. u0 z9 W9 I 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
7 o3 u; _" i+ ]% `7 t& X 5. Results (8 slides)+ @0 M/ b M( ]9 n
6. Conclusion (1 slide)
4 Y7 a7 L# T, ]+ Z 7. Future Work (1 slide)& ]' J2 q& i4 h y% E& _
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)' {4 L5 O& \) u% C
9. Backup Slides, ?: \) j, w: X! |8 `# p
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几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括:# w$ D* s) H! V- x( [( r
a. 删除 Forcast & Outline,这是为了更快的进入“故事”;其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。
+ s" i2 x( Z! Ob. 缩减 Background,删减后的这个部分只有一张slide,只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。
6 G% O" s. h- T5 n/ S2 e6 `# C" Qc. 增加 Hypothesis,这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction,与最后的Conclusion对应,介绍这个研究的科学问题。
1 m5 i: i% i3 y* H, g+ Sd. 加大 Results 的份额,这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了,我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的,因为要注意顺序问题,怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了,让大家都没有疑惑。
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(3)讲故事$ o/ l% a7 i. U. V
也就是 Results 部分,也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是,因为时间限制,细节问题不需要讨论;这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。
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我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间,后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。
9 s+ |! x5 H5 n' D同样,制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题,有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议,在这里与大家分享一下:
& l, @& l1 v- a& Q' |, ya. 字体: Aria narrow.
5 {: C( |" |% R1 @9 K# q/ u 字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18. B# q! t/ b1 x+ J
b.深色底色加上浅色(比如白&黄色)的字
( D2 x' Q9 X! p1 O- Xc. 不要过分展示别人的结果,专注于讲自己的故事。% E# V$ a- I3 |! y
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(5)画图
/ r# Z1 T9 f. \4 w. ]. k因为图片在报告的重要性,PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过,推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式,同时要注意分辨率,字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明:
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