2 Y" ]8 K& G4 p U' A7 r% h; c很久以来,牡蛎作为当地居民、游客和全球市场喜爱的食物,在沿海地区的经济中扮演着重要的角色。同时,大量牡蛎聚集生长所形成的生物性结构称为牡蛎礁,是一种重要的海岸带栖息地,能够带来多重生态效益。然而,过去的一百年里,在全球范围内,因过度捕捞、水体污染、海岸带开发和病害等原因,牡蛎礁栖息地,已退化消失了85%(Beck et al., 2011)。
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8 n+ Q6 t8 A1 ?5 P* U在有些地方,牡蛎礁能够起到防波堤的作用,作为天然屏障抵御海浪冲击和海平面上升带来的影响——尤其是在气候持续变化的情况下。© Jerod Foster , e; J# S; ?2 a3 R
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牡蛎通过滤食活动可以减少水体中的悬浮微粒和多余营养物,提高水体清澈度;除了净化水体外,牡蛎礁的三维结构不仅能够为众多的海洋生物提供栖身之所、增殖渔业资源;当飓风、台风等灾害袭来时,它还能够有效减轻海浪对于海岸带的冲击,减少岸线侵蚀。而牡蛎礁栖息地的保护和修复是个长期的系统性工程,需要充分调动各方力量,从政策、科研、资金和社会参与等方面积极行动。
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/ `& g" L3 {) m' l' b" N为扭转牡蛎礁的退化趋势,全球多个地区的海洋保护工作者、科研人员和多方社会力量开展了大量的修复研究与实践行动。大自然保护协会(TNC)作为其中一员,在牡蛎礁保护和修复领域进行了20多年的工作。目前,TNC正与合作伙伴在北美、欧洲及亚太地区(包括中国)修复牡蛎礁,恢复它所带来的生态、社会与经济效益。从小规模的修复研究与实践、到海湾河口的大规模修复规划与实施,都取得了良好的修复成效。目前,TNC在全球参与实施的牡蛎礁修复项目已有200多个。( {% ]) ] K2 o8 F! T* m
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- {8 ?7 z9 u% V# f: L% v2 c2 d2 UConsider The Oyster by Bill Rodney音频:00:0004:04
" M* F& j& m: Y i% T& ^《关心关心牡蛎吧》是为了赞美牡蛎守护海洋健康而作的歌曲,歌中唱到牡蛎在净化水体、形成栖息地和抵御风暴的厉害之处,并指出:“它们可不只是顿饭这么简单”。: ]4 n( _9 w- H7 x1 F$ K+ X/ d6 f
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: H: x7 F( u, M: h! O. t7 `MUSIC AND LYRICS BY BILL RODNEY WITH YANIV BRENNER ON PIANO AND ORGAN
" m# \* U2 }& T2 r i; CVerse 1:
% v) L8 G# C( d$ j" n2 C; PConsider the humble oyster living on the muddy bottom of the bay
/ e$ ~/ Y* X$ |Why it’s just a rock that’s filled with snot, I heard somebody say
, W5 V9 ~% x- `9 C, HBut did you know that just one oyster can filter 50 gallons of water in one day?" Z# w. b2 `) C4 W+ v
Now imagine 10 million oysters on a reef, whoa that blows my mind away
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6 U4 A3 D* A5 `/ GVerse 2:% v; y8 L- u+ O* \5 G
When oysters filter water you know, they strain the small stuff out
- L; S1 L: T4 K8 B$ t1 ^9 NNutritious, delicious phytoplankton baby, that’s what it's all about0 M, ]. M% B; {# j
But of all the stuff they filter, only some is gonna make it to their mouth5 N/ o/ s5 c5 }! c
The rest gets wrapped in a mucous ball and pseudo-spitted out& d, Q, \8 p& r' Z
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Chorus:9 P. w( ?1 X! B; |+ L
Oysters – they’re filtering machines
7 v5 S- e! X- J, \4 \; x% y% [0 pOysters – they'll keep the water clean0 v5 g" m& o2 P5 X
Oysters – they’re habitat producers' Q d3 R. ~5 x- D5 I/ W
Oysters – wave energy reducers5 o, R! t" Z) k$ U# L: E
Oysters, oysters, oysters…they’re not just for breakfast anymore
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Verse 3:
V% Y/ J$ F1 j. S7 b( m+ x3 I: |+ \And another thing about oysters, they build these gnarly reefs
t/ H& U/ F3 k, E* m( h SThat are home to crabs and shrimps and things, that Mr. Redfish likes to eat
5 a% F4 i% R& ~$ s# {4 XYeah that’s his destination when he's looking to obtain a tasty treat
" l# R+ U; {( l2 G$ ]6 G1 d& RAnd that stimulates production in the fishes, yeah I think that’s pretty neat
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Verse 4:
6 c) ^4 N7 V; s! ~) p6 MWhen oysters build their gnarly reefs in skinny waters near the marshy shore
/ q- E5 r* z% p! J6 Q3 m; ^1 RThis creates an opportunity for the oyster to contribute even more
4 B4 P" w" n, lThey attenuate wave energy when the winds blow hard and make the white caps roar
8 u/ @; s# L' p( X2 E& lThe rugose reefs reduce erosive forces, yeah baby that’s a score* v% K/ {4 g2 Z# x: |4 ]
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Chorus:& A8 n5 I2 i7 O% F, Q6 Z7 K
Oysters – they’re filtering machines$ F3 A3 G1 S& I. y- q
Oysters – help keep the water clean
, y( X( d v: u6 pOysters – they’re habitat producers3 V3 H1 t1 r- U5 A W
Oysters – wave energy reducers
0 }8 ^6 N7 J' q* c/ {2 j1 ^8 KOysters, oysters, oysters…the best come from Texas, don’t’ mess with the rest cause, they’re not just for breakfast anymore' N% l L& G/ t( h. c7 u% D( x
牡蛎礁,这一种令人惊叹的栖息地,不仅在海岸带生态系统中发挥着不可或缺的支撑作用,同时也可以作为基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions,NbS),例如配合海堤等灰色基础设施构成生态岸线,抵御风暴灾害的同时也为社区居民亲近自然、了解海洋提供重要渠道。我们相信,未来在大家的共同努力下,牡蛎礁将重新生机勃勃!1 }) H7 ~! k+ k* M5 X' F! D
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世界海洋日 / n; H$ `" t2 ~ f9 k
海洋覆盖了地球70%以上的面积。海洋是我们的生命之源,人类以及地球上其他所有生命都依赖于海洋。海洋产生了地球上至少50%的氧气,是地球上大多数生物多样性的家园,全球超过10亿人口摄入的蛋白质也主要来源于海洋。然而,我们的海洋正处于危机之中,受到海洋垃圾、过度捕捞、气候变化等因素的威胁。2022年世界海洋日的全球主题是“振兴海洋 集体行动”(Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean)。我们需要为子孙后代保护好美妙的海洋资源。
9 c5 h+ i+ L y1 ~: K该文章来源互联网,如有侵权请联系删除& H" B" Q7 G, ^$ y! l! i4 T# ]2 a! q
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