科普|享有“海岸卫士”、海洋“绿肺”等美誉红树林海岸

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红树林是热带海岸潮滩上主要由红树科(Rhizophoraceae)植物组成的一种特殊的植被类型。一般分布于南、北纬 32°之间的沿海地区,但以热带地区为主,生长繁茂而组成种类丰富,尤其是马来半岛及其邻近岛屹的海岸上。据统计全世界红树林的种类有25科、38 属和84种,其中属于红树科的有 17种。

Mangroves, a special type of vegetation mainly consisting of Rhizophoraceae plants, are usually distributed in the coastal areas between 32° south and 32° north, but typically in tropical tidal flats, growing luxuriantly and rich in composition. The Malay Peninsula and its adjacent islands witness the especially flourishing mangroves on the beaches. According to statistics, there are 25 families, 38 genera and 84 species of mangroves in the world, among which 17 species belong to the Rhizophoraceae family.

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图1 红树林

Figure1: Mangroves

红树林是生长在热带、亚热带海岸潮间带,由红树植物为主体的常绿乔木或灌木组成的湿地木本植物群落,在净化海水、防风消浪、固碳储碳、维护生物多样性等方面发挥着重要作用,享有“海岸卫士”、海洋“绿肺”等美誉,也是珍稀濒危水禽重要的栖息地,鱼、虾、蟹、贝类生长繁殖的场所。

Mangroves, a wetland woody plant community consisting of evergreen trees or shrubs with mangrove plants as the main, grow in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coasts. They play an important role in seawater purifying, wind and waves prevention, carbon sequestration and conservation, biodiversity protection, etc. Mangroves are also breeding grounds for fish, shrimp, crabs and shellfish, as well as important habitats for rare and endangered waterfowl.

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图2 红树林分布(2016年)

Figure2: The distribution of mangroves

由于红树林近年来遭到较大破坏,应采取有效措施,切实把红树林保护好。

Effective measures should be taken to protect the mangroves that have faced destruction in recent years.

一是全面保护红树林资源。在湿地立法中,对红树林保护修复做出明确规定;在保护地优化整合和生态红线划定过程中,按照应保尽保、应划尽划的原则,把红树林纳入保护范围,严格管理;制定实施红树林行动计划,落实红树林保护修复主体责任,着力扩大红树林面积,全面提高红树林生态系统质量和稳定性。

Firstly, protect mangrove resources in all respects. Clear regulations should be issued for the protection and restoration of mangroves through wetland legislation. In the process of optimizing and integrating protected areas and delineating ecological red lines, mangroves should be included within the scope of protection and strictly managed according to the principle of “enlarging the protected areas as much as possible”. An action plan for mangroves and the main responsibility for mangrove restoration should be formulated and implemented, to expand the mangrove area and improve the quality and stability of the mangrove ecosystem.

二是科学开展红树林保护修复。按照自然恢复为主、人工修复为辅的原则,科学划定新造红树林和修复地块,在条件适宜区域采用自然恢复的方式;在修复模式上,从造林和抚育为主转为红树林生态系统修复为主,增强修复的整体效益;同时探索基于社区的红树林保护修复和合理利用机制,实现生态、社会和经济共赢的目标。

Secondly, launch scientific approaches to protect and restore mangroves. In the principle of natural restoration as the main method and artificial restoration as a supplement, new mangroves should be delineated and restoration sites should be identified in a scientific way, and natural restoration should be adopted in suitable areas. In terms of restoration models, the focus should shift from afforestation and nurturing seedlings to the restoration of the mangrove ecosystem, enhancing the overall effectiveness of restoration efforts. Additionally, community-based mechanisms for mangrove protection, restoration, and reasonable utilization should be explored to achieve ecological, social, and economic benefits.

三是加强监测监管。开展红树林常规监测,加强执法监管,严防非法侵占红树林资源,严厉查处破坏红树林的行为。

Thirdly, strengthen monitoring and regulation. Routine monitoring in mangroves should be conducted, and law enforcement should be strengthened to prevent illegal occupation of mangrove resources and to strictly punish any behavior that harms mangroves.

四是强化科技支撑和科普宣教。把红树林及相关要素作为一个整体开展红树林湿地生态系统整体结构和功能恢复科研攻关。

Fourthly, enhance technological support and popular science education. The mangrove ecosystem should be regarded as a whole, and scientific research should be conducted to restore the overall structure and function of the mangrove wetland ecosystem.


参考文献

[1] 海明.保护“海岸卫士”红树林[J].绿色中国,2020(13):46-47.

[2] 王武霞.南海沿岸红树林 30 年时空变化分析[D].兰州交通大学,2017. 


END

撰稿:郝卓雅

审核导师:袁益辉

排版:覃艳菊

审核:邓群


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